In order to address the problems of gas flaring, it is necessary to understand why the natural gas is being flared. Oil spills might take several months or even years to clean up. Oil spillage cost, gas flaring cost and life expectancy rate of the niger delta people of nigeria. This burning off of uncaptured methane in addition to simply letting it. Destruction of fishes by oil pollution businessnews, december 21, 2011. Effects of oil spills on fish production in the niger delta plos. The causes, consequences, solutions to the problem of oil spill incidents and remediation measures were articulated to ameliorate this problem and assist oil communities. This paper assessed the effects of oil spillage on community development in the niger delta region of nigeria with a view to determine its adverse effects on poverty and hunger and its eradication in the. Gas flaring is a prominent source of vocs, co, co 2, so 2, pah, no x and soot black carbon, all of which are important pollutants which interact, directly and indirectly, in the earths climatic processes. The negative effect of oil spillage on nigerian cannot be over emphasized, in terms poor crops harvest, aquatic destruction and impact on human health and wellbeing.
To observe their habitat and how it is affected by oil spillages and gas flaring. Gas flaring is simply the burning of this associated gas. Land degradation and soil fertility loss and deforestation as well as noise pollution are all major environmental setbacks that have negatively impacted the oil rich region of niger delta, nigeria. In the niger delta, oil spill is perceived to be a major consequence of an. Effect of environmental pollution on real estate development a case study of warri, delta state impact of maintenance of buildings and infrastructural facilities to the national economy a case study of shell camp, housing estate, owerri gas flaring and its effect on the environment gas flaring regulation in the oil and gas industry. The causes, consequences, solutions to the problem of oil spill incidents. A comparative analysis of nigeria and texas regulations. As an oil producing region, oil spillage is one of the most outstanding causes of water and land or soil pollution while air pollution is mostly caused by gas flaring and industrial effluents. Introduction he coastal areas of the niger delta in nigeria have experienced tremendous oil exploration and exploitations over the years. Some international institutions like the world bank 2009, 2008, and the who, 2002, have.
These impacts affect individuals, communities, organizations, counties and an entire continent. Oil spills, gas flaring and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Oil spillage is a form of pollution, which involves the release of a liquid petroleum into the environment due to human activity. Gas flaring has also continued unabated irrespective of the nigerian governments directive to end. Over 10,000 oil spill and pipeline explosion incidents have been recorded and more than 350 billion. An analysis all over the world, environmental pollution is an issue of great concern because of what the environment is to the human survival and indeed, the survival of the earth itself. Because oil and natural gas are mixed in every oil deposit, the natural gas called associated. Several years of oil exploration and exploitation by multinational corporations, and the hazards of spillage and gas flaring which accompany it, have degraded the environment of the region and left the communities desolate. Some international institutions like the world bank 2009, 2008, and the who, 2002, have equally reported facts on what constitute the causes and effects of oil and gas on a particular environment like the niger delta region. Gas flaring is a combustion device to burn associated, unwanted or excess gases and liquids released during normal or unplanned overpressuring operation in many industrial processes, such as oilgas. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation. Current developments in these countries to mitigate the effects of gas flaring have been discussed under trends of gas flaring.
The cost of oil spillage and gas flaring on the socio. Today, there are 606 oil fields in the niger delta region, out of which 360 are onshore and 246 are offshore nigeria country analysis brief, 2005. Prospecting and extraction of petroleum occur in over 50% of the. Causes and solution 2 comments economics analysis by emmanuel joseph noko the negative effect of oil spillage on nigerian cannot be over emphasized, in terms poor crops harvest, aquatic destruction and impact on human health and wellbeing. Gas flaring is a significant source of greenhouse gases emissions. Over 10,000 oil spill and pipeline explosion incidents have been recorded and more than 350 billion cubic metres of gas have been flared in the region in the last 14 years. Pdf oil spills and gas flaring are major environmental problems. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation in the niger delta of nigeria. This paper assessed the effects of oil spillage on community development in the niger delta region of nigeria with a view to determine its adverse effects on poverty and hunger and its eradication in the region. Analysis of oil spillage, gas flaring and sustainable development. Oil spills, gas flaring, desertification top nigerias.
Pdf effects of oil spillage on community development in. Air pollution from natural gas flaring, exhaust emissions from the explosion in car ownership, and electricity generators continue to leave the major cities of nigeria shrouded in smog. Land degradation and soil fertility loss and deforestation as well as noise pollution are all major environmental setbacks that have negatively. Oil spillage and gas flaring, the twin bye products of petroleum operations have caused severe environmental pollution and lost of revenue by both the oil prospecting companies and the. Oil spillage and gas flaring have caused severe environmental damages, loss of plants, animals and human lives, and loss of revenue to both the oil producing companies and the government. Gas flaring pollution as it is in nigeria gas flaring, that has been defined as the burning of natural gas, which could have otherwise, been refined into usable products, seems to be another strong source of. There is a need to increase research effort on understanding the association of gas flaring, air pollution and related health and. The oil and gas industry is the largest industria l source of voc emissions in the u. Because oil and natural gas are mixed in every oil deposit, the natural gas called associated gas must be removed from oil before refining ashton et al. Since the discovery of oil in nigeria, way back in1950s, the country has invariably suffered some negative environmental consequences such as oil pollution resulting from gas flaring and oil extraction, loss of.
Petroleum exploration, exploitation, production, storage, distribution and transportation activities affect the environment in a conspicuously negative manner. Sep 06, 2018 oil spillage is a form of pollution, which involves the release of a liquid petroleum into the environment due to human activity. The major sources of environmental pollution in the niger delta region include oil spillage, pipeline explosion, gas flaring and venting, improper disposal of large volumes of petroleumderived hazardous waste streams, such as drilling mud, oily and toxic sludge, equipment failureoil spills associated with ageing facilities, sabotage of. Reducing gas flares and pollution from oil production. Delta oil fields responsible for polluting the environment by way or relentless flaring and venting of gas in to the environment, heat radiation, noise radiation, oil spillage, water pollution, site clearing. Reducing air pollution from the oil and natural gas industry. Several years of oil exploration and exploitation by multinational corporations, and the hazards of spillage and gas flaring which. Oil spill and carbon particles in their rivers, land and air from co2. Gas flaring is a combustion device to burn associated, unwanted or excess gases and liquids released during normal or unplanned overpressuring operation in many industrial processes, such as oil gas extraction, refineries, chemical plants, coal industry and landfills. The various policies and strategies of environmental policies and strategies in nigeria oil and gas industry. The effects of gas flaring on crops in the niger delta.
The issue of oil spillage is a common phenomena in the niger delta region, more than any other part of nigeria. Rather the paper shall examine the extent of liability of the nigerian government with respect to enforcement of regulation against oil and gas pollution in nigeria. Indeed, it is one of the most significant environmental problems facing niger delta nigeria. It is widely acknowledged that flaring and venting of associ. Environmental policies and strategies in nigeria oil and gas. The major sources of environmental pollution in the niger delta region include oil spillage, pipeline explosion, gas flaring and venting, improper disposal of large volumes of petroleumderived. Flaring of associated gas from oil exploitation has several consequences on the environment. Pollution by crude oil usually occurs as spillage that is uncontrolled, release of crude oil into the environment as a result of equipment failure, operational mishaps, or intentional damage to facilities undp, 2010. Human activities and those of oil exploration and exploitation raise a number of issues such as depletion of biodiversity, coastal and riverbank erosion, flooding, oil spillage, gas flaring, noise pollution, sewage and wastewater pollution, land degradation and soil fertility loss and deforestation, which are all major environmental issues. The study examined the degree of influence of oil spillage and gas flaring costs on life expectancy rate of the niger delta people of nigeria. Oil exploratory activities of oil companies in nigeria have caused gas flaring resulting in loss of lives and properties in the affected communities where gas is flared. Prominent among the hydrocarboninduced pollution include oil spill, gas flaring, and pipeline explosions. Oil spillage and gas flaring, the twin bye products of petroleum operations have caused severe environmental pollution and lost of revenue by both the oil prospecting companies and the government. This study explores the spatial variability effects of gas flaring on the growth and.
Nigeria is at present the largest oil producer in africa and the sixth largest in the world, averaging 2. Pollution by crude oil usually occurs as spillage that is uncontrolled, release of crude oil into the. All over the world, environmental pollution is an issue of great concern because of what the environment, is to the human survival and indeed, the survival of the earth itself. Bonga oil spill pollution of marine environment premium times, 2014104 figure 20. Pdf effects of oil spillage on community development in the. Last year, dozens of major oil companies and oil producing nations agreed to end the routine flaring of natural gas from wells by 2030. Oil spillage and gas flaring activities are still commonplace in nigeria, especially in the oilrich niger delta. This is largely due to the huge deposits of crude oil and natural gas deposits within the region. Human activities and those of oil exploration and exploitation raise a number of issues such as depletion of biodiversity, coastal and riverbank erosion, flooding, oil spillage, gas flaring, noise pollution, sewage.
Effects of oil spillage on community development in the. Environmental crime liability of the nigerian government in. An analysis all over the world, environmental pollution is an issue of great concern because of what the environment is to the human survival and indeed, the. Oil and gas resources account for over 85% of nigerias gross domestic product gdp, over 95% of the national budget and over 80% of the nations wealth. Regrettably, 75% of the cost is borne by the local communities through polluted water, infertile farmland and lost biodiversity. Again, that oil spills which contaminated the sources of drinking waters and rivers in. Environmental impact assessment of oil and gas industry in by. Last year, dozens of major oil companies and oilproducing nations agreed to end the routine flaring of natural gas from wells by 2030.
Introduction he coastal areas of the niger delta in nigeria have experienced tremendous oil exploration and exploitations over the years nwilo and badejo, 2005. Impacts and effects of oil spillage in niger delta nigeria. This paper is therefore geared towards addressing the. Gas flaring pollution as it is in nigeria gas flaring, that has been defined as the burning of natural gas, which could have otherwise, been refined into usable products, seems to be another strong source of pollution in nigerias delta basin 10. Health risks associated with oil pollution in the niger delta. Historically, it is said that gas flaring is as old as oil production in nigeria. Gas flaring regulation in the oil and gas industry. Air pollution due to gas flaring in the niger delta. That the flaring of gas has continued to impact negatively on the vegetations in the oilproducing community of niger delta is undoubted.
Odjugo, 2002 stated that crude oil pollution has deleterious effects on plant. Gas flaring and thermal plants emissions in the niger delta region are. Petroleum exploration, exploitation, production, storage, distribution and transportation activities affect the. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management. The direct impact of oil exploration in the region has been felt by everyone living in the area. Oil and gas resources account for over 85% of nigerias gross domestic product gdp, over 95% of the.
Environmental policies and strategies in nigeria oil and. Africas proven 66 billion barrels of oil reserves and more than 3 trillion cubic meters of gas reserves. Sheen of oil on water bodies in the coastal region okeowo, 2014. Delta oil fields responsible for polluting the environment by way or relentless flaring and venting of gas in to the environment, heat radiation, noise radiation, oil spillage, water pollution, site clearing, deforestation and destruction of the flora and fauna and. Pdf gis based mapping and analysis of oil pollution in. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in the. The same report noted that these problems have existed for years and have continued to escalate due to rapid expansion of. Eia process and regulations in solving the problems of oil spill and gas flaring and make. Environmental crime liability of the nigerian government.
Oil exploration and poverty in the niger delta region of. Oil spills, gas flaring, desertification top nigerias environmental challenges on july 15, 2014 12. Pdf oil spills, gas flaring and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Air pollution from natural gas flaring, exhaust emissions from the explosion in car ownership, and electricity generators continue to leave the major cities of. This paper addresses the environmental impact of oil spillage and degradation in the niger delta region of nigeria. The idoho oil spill incidence of 1997 spilled 40,000 barrels of crude oil into the environment. Nigeria is the largest oil producer in africa and the eleventh largest producer of crude oil in the world. Prospecting and extraction of petroleum occur in over 50% of the niger delta region, resulting in a cornucopia of access roads, pipelines, wells, gas flaring, dredged spoils and flow stations that are often located near homes, schools, farms, and within communities. Gas flaring has also continued unabated irrespective of the nigerian governments directive to end flaring by 2010 kalu, 2009. Impact of crude oil spillage and gas flaring activities on soil. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian. Environmental issues of gas flaring are generally described in terms of efficiency and emissions 12.
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